Equal Opportunity in Employment: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan's Legal Framework and International Standards

Abstract

This research paper conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of Pakistan's legal framework on equal opportunity in employment with international standards, particularly focusing on the conventions ratified by the International Labour Organization (ILO). Discrimination in employment remains a pervasive issue globally, affecting individuals based on gender, race, ethnicity, or beliefs, irrespective of qualifications. The paper examines how Pakistan's legal framework aligns with global standards and addresses challenges faced by female workers, particularly in sectors like transportation and agriculture. Despite Pakistan's ratification of ILO conventions, practical implementation remains a concern, with issues such as wage discrimination and inadequate social protections persisting. The paper highlights key Pakistani laws addressing equal opportunity in employment, including the Constitution of Pakistan, the Equal Remuneration Act, and various labor ordinances. It also discusses challenges such as low female labor force participation, educational disparities, and limited involvement in trade unions, suggesting strategies to empower women workers and enhance their representation in the workforce. By analyzing Pakistan's adherence to global standards and identifying areas for improvement, this paper aims to contribute to the discourse on gender equality and labor rights in Pakistan.